Racially the ethnic groups in India have their own problems related to their personal life and security. Of their landed properties, personal freedom to practice their tradition and religion etc. Kodavas of Kodagu district, Karnataka, belong to one such ethnic groups, racially distinct from all other people.
Kodavas (Coorgs as English called them) are living in the hilly terrains nestled in the Western Ghats, a small identifiable geographical area. It has rain forests, mountain peaks and valleys, heavy rainfall, inhabited by wild animals and in the past the curse of epidemic Malaria. Obviously it is well-isolated and also insulated from the neighbouring places and people. As a result, Kodavas came to have their own unique culture and customs as also a language, dialect. They even had their own Gods in Guru Karana (ancestor worship). Naturally, their population is very small with no outsiders immigrating to Kodagu because of its hostile climate.
The Government of India should invoke the provisions of our Constitution and declare this Kodava community as being on the verge of extinction and provide Constitutional protection and guarantee for the preservation of their habitation known as Kodagu and their landed property considering Kodavas as an ethnic minority. Otherwise, in the next 50 or 100 years, Kodavas in Kodagu would be as rare as hen’s teeth! You may see someone dressed in Kodava traditional attire in museums, like we see native Americans (Red Indians) in US museums.
After independence Kodavas have become a minority population in Kodagu with about 1,50,000 Kodavas as against the immigrants and the other natives who number over 4,00,000. As a result, under our democratic system of Government, now Kodavas are politically, economically and socially relegated to oblivion and have become “vanishing” people.
It is not surprising, therefore, a Kodavathi, Mrs. Kaveri Ponnapa, with a Master’s Degree in Social Anthropology from London, chose to write a book, rather prophetically (let God forbid), titled, ‘The Vanishing Kodavas.’ It is a book that provides a treasure of information about Kodavas and their future as an ethnic race. It is a book no Kodava, nor a Democratic Government can ignore. Kodavas were hunters, agriculturists and warriors for centuries. All the Dewans of Kodagu Rajas were Kodavas and after independence Kodava community produced a Field Marshal (K.M. Cariappa), a General (K.S. Thimayya), over 12 Lieutenant Generals, many Fighter Pilots, Air Marshals and Naval Commodores. In the field of IAS and IPS, Sports and Science too, they have distinguished themselves. Mrs. Rathi Vinay Jha IAS, the visionary behind Kodava Heritage Centre, is one among them. Indeed Kodavas are an asset to our country. They should not be allowed to “vanish” from Kodagu.
I am made to ruminate about Kodavas in a way that does not augur well for them, after reading a report in newspapers on 27.9.2020 about a statement made by our Tourism Minister C.T. Ravi (in reply to a question by Congress MLC Veena Achaiah) about the works on ‘Kodava Heritage Centre’ at Vidyanagar near Madikeri, the District Headquarters of Kodagu District and former capital of Kodagu Kingdom and later C. State.
I first came to know of this proposed Centre in Madikeri sometime in the year 2004 while casually discussing with one of the promoters of the Federation of Kodava Samajas (Federation) located on the Kerala border at Balugodu, about 12 kms from Virajpet. The Federation was established in the year 2000-01 and even to this day is asking for money and more money from donors. But what do we have in return? For spending over Rs. 6 crore!? A shed-like Kalyana Mantap!
I gave the idea for the Federation to make it one Umbrella Organisation of all Kodava Samajas and an apex body for Kodavas to debate and discuss all their problems — political, property, cultural etc. — and speak in one voice, as a spokesperson, for all Kodavas. I gave the idea to an enterprising Kodava with many achievements. But the Kodava Federation located on a fault-line, failed in its objectives and purpose without direction. It has nothing to show except the annual jamboree.
As a result what we hear today on social media and at Kodava meetings is a cacophony of different, divisive voices. One group calls Kodavas as tribals and seeks that status under the Constitution; while the other group says no. One early immigrant group claims right over management of rituals in Bhagamandala and Talacauvery, asking Kodavas not to go to these temples wearing Kodava traditional dress. The controversy about inter-caste marriage is also continuing and it must be resolved.
The Jamma land tenure, which to some extent held at least some Kodavas bound to their land in Kodagu, thereby in a small way keeping Kodagu for Kodavas, was outright abolished leading to large-scale immigration of outsiders buying properties. The issue was never discussed in depth in any Kodava body. As a result now we see Kodavas emigrating from Kodagu after selling landed properties (paddy field and coffee plantation) to non-Kodavas who pay higher price. A clear sign of Mrs. Kaveri Ponnapa’s prognosis coming true!
In this world as we see today, the importance of possessing land by a racial group or the people of a particular religion can never be underestimated. No wonder, in Christian Europe and America, Right-liberals and also White-supremacists are dominating the political space nudging immigrant groups.
[To be continued]
source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> Columns> Abracadabra by K.B. Ganapathy / October 12th, 2020
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contd – Part – 2
Nostalgically Speaking — 12 – Mrs. Rathi Vinay Jha IAS: Visionary Behind Kodava Heritage Centre —2
I remember in 1960s in the Fiji Island, where there was a majority of Indian immigrants who were businessmen and traders as opposed to the local Fijians (I guess earliest immigrants of African origin) who were landowners, there was a political crisis. An Indian origin man won the democratic election and became the Prime Minister. But, soon he was overthrown by a ‘local’ Fijian Brigadier. The reason was that the island-nation should be ruled by the ‘locals’, the land-owners. I thought there is a lesson in this for Kodavas to learn. The day Kodavas cease to be ‘sons of Kodagu soil’ (ªÀÄtÂÚ£À ªÀÄPÀ̼ÀÄ) they will vanish from Kodagu.
I am reminded of what Desmond Tutu, South African Bishop and Nobel Laureate for Peace had said: When the missionaries came to Africa, they had the Bible and we had the land. They said, “Let us close our eyes and pray.” When we opened our eyes, “We had the Bible and they had the land.”
This is what had happened and is happening to Kodavas today after the Jamma land tenure was outright abolished without a thought about the Kodavas of Kodagu. The Kodavas are having money and the immigrants the land!
I guess, Kodavas could have worked to get a variant of Jamma tenure through Amendments etc. But, majority was for its blanket abolition and naturally they should pay the price. Kodagu will soon cease to be their land of identity. Sad. No Kodava voice was raised in the Assembly against the abolition, I am told.
I attended a couple of meetings of the Federation of Kodava Samajas but found myself at large in a huge hall of zinc sheet-roof with about 25 members who are called Directors. The acoustics was so bad that much of what was said must only be guessed. Then once it rained and the meeting was ruined. I had to request the Chairman to adjourn the meeting till the rains abated. Well, by then, it was time for lunch!
Alas, there are so many Kodava Samajas, but not a single well-furnished venue to conduct a meeting in peace, dignity and proper protocol! When the meeting ambience is bad, good people avoid speaking, why, even good ideas do not cross our minds. But I do not think Kodava Federation could now unscramble the egg. We go to the meeting well-dressed in style like Kodavas usually do, but only to sit on a plastic chair kept in disarray in a huge hall!
While I was thus reflecting on the dismal condition of Kodava Federation, I heard of the Kodava Heritage Centre, with a museum, coming up in Madikeri, the place I had insisted for Kodava Federation. This first information came from my friend in Bengaluru, as I mentioned earlier, when I went to meet him as a courtesy. I jumped with joy. He then told me how it came about over a second cup of tea. He was also heartbroken, that the proposed grant from Government of India was lost to his Kodava Federation.
Be that as it may, let me now turn to our lady with a vision Mrs. Rathi Vinay Jha, an IAS Officer and a Kodavathi of Codanda family, who was the Secretary, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, New Delhi. She was apparently approached by someone for grant from her Department to the Kodava Federation and she decided to visit the Federation at Balugodu (Virajpet taluk) before releasing the fund. She visited the place, but paid a visit to Lt. Gen. C.G. Somanna (retd.), her uncle, living in Virajpet.
This visit, according to my friend, changed her mind about granting funds to the Federation and instead she came up with the idea of this Kodava Heritage Centre in Madikeri with a Kodava museum. To be built like the traditional Kodava Ainmane (family dwelling with a quadrangle) comprising an auditorium, a library, a museum with artefacts, items of excavation, attire, weapons etc., etc. I hope it will be built that way. Anyway, I said to myself, “Well, God fullfils himself in many ways.” How would the future generation know about the “Vanished Kodavas” otherwise!? For me this is a huge serendipitous happening for “The Vanishing Kodavas.” After all, with the abolition of Jamma land tenure the Kodava Diaspora, like that of Jews, had already begun. I shall now on forget the imaginary usefulness of the Federation for the Kodavas which for all these years of its existence does not have a museum nor a library to show. Yes, an apology of a ‘war memorial’ is built on the border of Kerala that would be seen only by Kodavas who go to the Federation!!
On returning to Delhi, Mrs. Rathi sanctioned about a crore of rupees for the project. Not only this, she ensured that required land is made available for the project in Madikeri itself. It is near the Mahindra Holiday Resorts in Galibeedu. But, it is a paradox that the Federation could not find a place in Madikeri! A reflection on promoters of the Federation and our Kodava politicians. Perish the thought.
Mrs. Rathi, a senior IAS Officer, now retired, is the sister of late Codanda G. Somiah, the legendary IAS Officer during Rajiv Gandhi’s Prime Ministership, who held many high positions including Home Secretary, CVC and Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG). I had the privilege of knowing him while he was in Bengaluru after retirement and had even spoken to him and published a couple of articles extracted from his book ‘The Honest Always Stand Alone.’
I was craving to see him personally but it was not to be. However, I made it, rather sadly, when he was admitted to the Manipal Hospital. I drove there from Mysuru one day and met him in the ward, his wife attending. I was an intruder. He was on ventilator but on hearing my name, lifted the ventilator to speak. I touched his extended hand. His wife sprang from her seat and warned him and requested me. I was deeply moved by his gesture.
Post Script: About a year back I had the opportunity to meet Air Marshal Kodandera Nanda Cariappa to whom I broached the subject of the stalled Kodava Heritage Centre in Madikeri. My two newspapers wrote a number of articles about it, but sadly nobody bothered. Not even our Kodagu MLAs. It was he who got me in touch with Mrs. Rathi who happened to be in her bungalow in Virajpet. After some time I met her once in the Metropole Hotel with her husband and discussed the Kodava Heritage Centre. I was surprised to hear that she had followed up on the discussion, met the bureaucrats in the Vidhana Soudha etc. By then, of course, she had retired.
Thus is the predicament in which Kodavas are today placed. This Kodava Heritage Centre seems to be the only Centre that will leave the footprints of Kodavas ‘on the sands of time.’ At least for this reason the enlightened Kodavas must be eternally grateful to Mrs. Rathi Vinay Jha IAS and also to Mrs. Veena Achaiah, MLC (for reviving the project which was almost given up).
I doubt if Mrs. Veena Achaiah had not asked the question in the Legislative Council and pursued it with officials, C.T. Ravi, the Tourism Minister, would have taken any interest and the project would have died a natural death.
Anyway, let us hope, Kodava Heritage Centre will soon be a reality. But, my regret is that despite the dismal future, Kodavas have no united apex body to voice their grievances.
Note: Nostalgically Speaking – 11 on ‘Kempaiah IPS: Officer Who Made A Difference’ was published in three parts on Sept. 27, Oct. 4 and Oct. 11 —Ed
e-mail: voice@starofmysore.com.
source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> Columns> Abracadabra by K.B. Ganapathy / October 13th, 2020
